Which white blood cell type is primarily responsible for the allergic response?

Eosinophils play a pivotal role in the allergic response and are especially important in combating parasitic infections. They contain granules filled with enzymes and toxic proteins that are effective against parasites and also contribute to inflammatory responses. During an allergic reaction, eosinophils are recruited to the site of inflammation through a process regulated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When allergens are encountered, eosinophils release their granules, which contain inflammatory mediators that exacerbate the allergic response, contributing to symptoms such as swelling, mucus production, and overall inflammation.

In contrast, neutrophils are more involved in the initial response to infection and are critical in the defense against bacteria and fungi. Lymphocytes, which include B cells and T cells, are primarily responsible for the adaptive immune response, including the recognition of pathogens and the production of antibodies. Monocytes, which can differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells, play a role in phagocytosing pathogens and presenting antigens to lymphocytes, thus participating in immune defense rather than directly mediating allergic reactions.