How is genotype defined?

Genotype is defined as the combination of genes present in an organism, specifically in its zygotic form. This term encompasses the specific alleles—variations of a gene—that an individual carries. An organism's genotype plays a critical role in determining its characteristics, but it is important to note that the genotype does not directly equate to physical appearance, which is referred to as phenotype.

Understanding genotypes is essential in genetics, as they provide the blueprint for development and functioning of an organism. Each individual inherits a set of alleles from their parents, and these alleles can interact in various ways to express certain traits or contribute to genetic diversity. Environmental factors can also modify how the genotype is expressed, further illustrating the complexity of genetics.

This definition helps clarify the role of genetics in inheritance and variation within populations, highlighting why knowing the specific genetic makeup is so crucial in studying biology and evolution.